The Affenpinscher, a toy-sized dog hailing from Germany, carries a rich heritage rooted in its original role as a skilled mouser. Over time, this feisty little Pinscher-type breed has transitioned from hunting pests to warming hearts, becoming a beloved companion across the globe.
History
The name ‘Affenpinscher‘ stems from the German word Affe, meaning ‘ape’ or ‘monkey,’ which has led to the nickname ‘Monkey Terrier’—though the breed is, in fact, a pinscher, not a terrier. The exact origins of the Pinscher family of dogs are shrouded in mystery. Historically, both rough- and smooth-coated varieties of these dogs were valued as carriage and stable companions, known for their exceptional ratting abilities and referred to as “Stallpinschers.” Up until the late 19th century, both coat types were categorized together under the name “Deutscher Pinscher,” with both types sometimes appearing in the same litter.
In 1880, the Pinscher breed was officially recorded in the Deutschen Hundestammbuch, the German breed registry. By 1895, Ludwig Beckmann identified five types of Pinschers: the rough- and smooth-haired Pinscher, the rough- and smooth-haired Miniature Pinscher, and the Affenpinscher. That same year, a breed club known as the Pinscher-Schnauzer-Klub was formed to oversee both rough- and smooth-coated Pinschers.
The Affenpinscher has a history dating back to around the 1600s. Originally, two sizes existed, but the larger variant, measuring 30 to 33 cm (12 to 13 in), is now extinct. This larger Affenpinscher came in various colors, including grey, fawn, black, tan, and red, with white markings on the feet and chest being common. Bred as mousers, these dogs helped keep homes, granaries, and stables free of rodents. Early breeders aimed to create a versatile dog that could both hunt pests and serve as a loyal companion, often crossing schnauzers and pinschers. Some of the breeds believed to have contributed to the development of the Affenpinscher include pugs, German pinschers, schnauzers, and silky pinschers.
The Affenpinscher is an ancestor of both the Griffon Bruxellois (Brussels Griffon) and the Miniature Schnauzer, the latter likely resulting from crosses between Affenpinschers and standard schnauzers. The breed gained official recognition from the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1935 and from the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1955.
QuickFacts
- Origin: Germany
- Size: Toy (9.5 to 11.5 inches)
- Breed Group: Terrier
- Lifespan: 12-15 years
- Coat: Wire-haired, typically in shades of black or brown
- Temperament: Intelligent, playful, and affectionate
- Exercise Needs: Moderate
- Training Needs: Easy to train
The name “Affenpinscher” translates to “monkey terrier” in German. In France, they are charmingly referred to as the “Diablotin Moustachu,” meaning “mustached little devil.”
Affenpinscher Highlights
· Small and sturdy: They are compact yet strong, standing about 11 to 12 inches tall and weighing between 8 to 10 pounds. Despite their small size, they have a muscular build.
· Wiry coat: Their wiry coat, which comes in shades of black, brown, or a mix of both, requires regular grooming and brushing to keep it looking neat.
· Alert and intelligent: Known for their sharp awareness and intelligence, Affenpinschers are quick learners and serve as reliable watchdogs.
· Loyal and affectionate: Affenpinschers are devoted to their families, offering plenty of affection and making excellent companion animals.
· Stubborn and independent: They have a streak of independence and can be a bit stubborn, so firm and consistent training is essential.
· Healthy breed: Generally a healthy breed, Affenpinschers can still be prone to certain health issues like dental problems, hip dysplasia, and eye conditions.
· Rare breed: As a rare breed, acquiring an Affenpinscher may take time, often requiring a spot on a waiting list.
Affenpinscher Personality
The Affenpinscher is a curious and affectionate little dog, always on high alert. Despite his small size, he’s fiercely loyal to his family and will try his best to protect them, even if it means facing off against much larger dogs. It’s essential to keep him from picking fights with dogs ten times his size! His excitable nature can also make it hard for him to calm down when he perceives a threat.
Early socialization is key for Affenpinscher puppies. Introducing them to a variety of people, sights, sounds, and experiences while they’re young will help ensure they grow up to be confident, friendly dogs. A good first step is enrolling your puppy in a kindergarten class. Additionally, inviting visitors over, taking him to busy parks, dog-friendly stores, and on neighborhood walks will further develop his social skills.
Affenpinscher Care
Health
They are typically healthy dogs, but responsible breeders take care to screen for common health issues such as luxating patella, heart anomalies, vision problems, and hip dysplasia. Like many short-faced breeds, Affens can struggle with breathing in hot weather. If they overheat, they may have trouble cooling down through panting, as dogs rely on panting rather than sweating to regulate their body temperature.
Grooming
The Affenpinscher’s medium-length, wiry coat requires grooming about twice a week. Start by brushing the coat, followed by using a metal comb to ensure it’s tangle-free. If there are any mats, gently pull them apart with your fingers. The hair on the head is typically brushed forward over the face, and an inverted V-shape is trimmed to reveal the eyes. The hair on the nose is shaped into a fan to keep the eyes clear. Since the Affen’s coat doesn’t grow quickly, a trim every few months is enough for a pet Affenpinscher. The Affenpinscher Club of America offers a comprehensive grooming guide. In addition to grooming, Affens should have their nails trimmed and teeth brushed regularly.
Exercise
One of the appealing aspects of toy breeds is their suitability for apartment living due to their small size. While Affenpinschers are well-suited for living in close quarters, they are classified as ‘moderately active’ and still require regular exercise. Indoor play, whether with their owner or with a favorite toy, can provide a significant portion of their activity needs. However, it’s important to also include a brisk walk once or twice a day. These walks not only help meet their exercise requirements but also offer valuable opportunities for socialization with both people and other dogs.
Training
Affenpinschers are known for their courage, boldness, and a touch of feistiness. Basic obedience training is highly recommended, though the breed has a reputation for being difficult to train due to their independent and sometimes stubborn nature. However, this reputation is largely undeserved. Affenpinschers are intelligent and usually eager to please their bonded humans. The key to success is understanding that they can easily become bored during long training sessions. Shorter, more frequent sessions with a trainer experienced in working with toy breeds are typically more effective and enjoyable for your pets.
Nutrition
The Affenpinscher does well on high-quality dog food, whether it’s commercially produced or home-prepared under your veterinarian’s supervision and approval. The diet should be suitable for the dog’s life stage, whether they are a puppy, adult, or senior. Some Affenpinschers may be prone to weight gain, so it’s essential to monitor their calorie intake and weight. Treats can be beneficial for training, but overindulgence can lead to obesity. Familiarize yourself with which human foods are safe for dogs and which ones are not. If you have any concerns regarding your dog’s weight or diet, consult your veterinarian. Ensure that clean, fresh water is available at all times.
Affenpinscher Children and Other Pets
Affenpinschers do not tolerate aggressive behaviors such as hitting, unwanted squeezing or hugging, chasing, or cornering. If they feel trapped, they may defend themselves by growling or snapping. For this reason, they are not ideal for homes with young children, as kids may not understand that a cute Affenpinscher might not want to be smothered with affection. It’s advisable to socialize any puppy with young children, even if they won’t be living together, but always supervise their interactions. Never allow young children to pick up a puppy or small dog; instead, have them sit on the floor with the dog in their lap.
Pay close attention to the dog’s body language, and if he seems unhappy or uncomfortable with a child’s attention, place him safely in his crate. Teach children how to approach and touch dogs gently, and always supervise interactions to prevent biting or pulling on ears or tails from either side. Remind your child to never approach a dog while it’s eating or sleeping, or attempt to take its food away. No dog should ever be left unsupervised with a child.
Affenpinschers generally get along well with other dogs and cats in the household, but like many toy breeds, they are unaware of their small size and may challenge much larger dogs. Be prepared to protect them from themselves in these situations.
Appearance
An Affenpinscher typically weighs between four to six kilograms (9–13 lb) and stands about 25–30 cm (10–12 in) tall at the withers. The breed features a harsh, rough coat when left untrimmed, while clipped coats tend to be softer and fluffier. Affenpinschers are known for their distinctive monkey-like expression, as the word “affe” means “monkey” in German. Their coat is shaggier around the head and shoulders, creating a mane effect, while the fur on the back and hindquarters is shorter. When properly maintained, the coat has a harsh and wiry texture.
According to the FCI and the British Kennel Club breed standards, the Affenpinscher’s coat must be black. However, the American Kennel Club allows for a broader range of colors, including grey, silver, red, black and tan, and beige (a mixture of red, brown, black, and white hairs).
References
· Alderton, David (1984). The Dog: The Most Complete, Illustrated, Practical Guide to Dogs and Their World. London: Quill Publishing Limited; Secaucus, New Jersey: Chartwell Books. ISBN 0890097860.
· “Breed History – Affenpinscher Club of America.” www.affenpinscher.org. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
· FCI breeds nomenclature: Affenpinscher (186). Thuin, Belgium: Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed January 2024.
· Simantke, Christel (2003). Die Gefährdete Nutztierrasse des Jahres 2003: Gefährdete Haus- und Hofhunde: Von Spitzen und Pinschern (in German). Witzenhausen: Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived June 6, 2012.
· “Rasseportrait: Deutscher Pinscher” (in German). Remscheid: Pinscher-Schnauzer-Klub 1895 e.V. Archived March 23, 2022.
· Beckmann, Ludwig (1894–1895). Geschichte und Beschreibung der Rassen des Hundes (volume II, in German). Braunschweig: Druck und Verlag von Friedrich Bieweg und Sohn.
· “Origin and History of Affenpinscher Dogs.” Doglime. March 3, 2019.
· Affenpinscher Club of America: Breed History. Retrieved March 23, 2007. Archived April 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
· “History of Affens in the US – Affenpinscher Club of America.” www.affenpinscher.org. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
· Whiteside, Kelly. “Affenpinscher wins Best in Show at Westminster dog show.” USA Today Sports. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
Conclusion
The Affenpinscher is a charming and unique breed, known for its spirited personality and distinctive appearance. While they are well-suited for apartment living and can adapt to various environments, it is essential for owners to provide adequate exercise, socialization, and training. Their playful and affectionate nature makes them wonderful companions, but prospective owners should be mindful of their independent streak and need for gentle handling, especially around young children. By understanding their care requirements and ensuring a positive, loving environment, owners can enjoy the loyal companionship of this delightful breed for many years.
